Twelfth Century Scotland History

• 1100 - Beginning of formation of the clans.
• 1120 - Alexander II founds St. Giles Cathedral.
• 1124 - David I takes the Scottish throne. Period of strong ties with England begins.
• 1128 - David I founds Holyrood Abbey.
• 1130 - Edinburgh becomes a burgh.
• 1153 - David dies at Carlisle. The new king is Malcolm IV.
• 1156 - Somerled wins a naval victory against the ruling Norsemen off Islay.
• 1157 - Henry II of England reclaims Northumberland and Cumberland.
• 1158 - Malcolm goes to France to fight for Henry.
• 1164 - Somerled dies. His land is broken up between his three sons.
• 1165 - William I "The Lion" takes the Scottish throne.
• 1174 - William forced by the Treaty of Falaise to accept Henry II's overlordship of Scotland.
• 1178 - William founds Arbroath Abbey.
• 1189 - He buys back Scottish sovereignty from Richard the Lionheart at the so-called Quitclaim of Canterbury for the sum of £6600. The Quitclaim is the oldest public record in Scotland.

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